Monday, September 5, 2016

Apts or Opet festival scenes at Luxor Temple .. ( Part 9 )

The reliefs on the side-walls of the Colonnade Hall of Amenhotep III are of fine work, and of especial interest, portraying, as they do, one of the great religious festivals of the Theban year .
" The Feast of Amûn in the Apts " took place about the middle of the inundation-period ( flooding season ), and lasted for twenty-four days .




This feast had a peculiar interest to Haremhab, because on his usurpation of the throne after the collapse of the Akhenaten regime, and the deaths of Tutankhamûn and Ay, his arrival at Thebes to assume the crown and have his accession recognized was, certainly by design, so arranged as to coincide with the great festival .




The feast which happened so conveniently to regularize the ambitions of Haremhab was of the same kind as that which brought Hathor of Dendera yearly to Edfû, to meet with her consort Horus at the latter temple .




The sacred barge of Amûn, with the image of the god, was brought from Karnak to Luxor on the river, and was accompanied by a splendid procession of galleys, towing and escorting .




Meanwhile the smaller, portable models of the sacred barge were carried in procession on land to Luxor, for the benefit of the faithful who could not accompany the river ceremony .




Arrived at Luxor, the god was welcomed there with great sacrifices, and in due course returned to Karnak, for the conclusion of the feast . The fine reliefs still show a good deal of the detail of this great religious function, though, of course, the upper parts of the work have perished .




We begin with the scenes on the left hand as we enter the colonnade from the Forecourt of Amenhotep, i.e. in the west angle of the south wall, continuing along the west wall . The scene in the angle of the south wall is much damaged . It represents the king holding out the kherp-sceptre ( it was used in connexion with offerings ) towards Amûn and Mût, while priests make libation .




The following scenes on the west wall show preparations for the great festival, and rehearsals by the dancing-girls .




With the next scene the actual procession begins . First come soldiers and standard bearers ; then two royal chariots, empty, led by grooms ( stableman ) ; then a group of persons, pulling at a rope which was attached to the sacred barge, now destroyed .




A group of negroes follows, with cudgels and a drum, and a second group with castanets . Next we have a women shaking sistra ( sistrum ), and men clapping their hands ; while men pull a rope attached to another sacred barge, which is partly preserved, and is being towed also by a rowing galley .





Another troop of soldiers follows, with standards, drums, trumpets and castanets ; and is succeeded by groups of priests bearing the portable sacred barges ; behind these is a representation of the gate of the temple at Karnak, with its flagstaves, and of offerings and temple furniture . In the west angle of the north wall we have the king making offering before Amûn and Mût .




We now pass over to the east angle of the north wall ( east wall ), where again we see temple furniture and offerings .




And the scenes shows sacrificial bulls, three sacred barges being carried back to Karnak, and standard-bearers and negroes in a high state of devotional fervor .




Galleys are shown higher drifting down-river to Karnak .




In the next scene, the king's empty chariots appear again, with a military guard ; followed by sistrum-bearing girls, and men clapping their hands .




The next two scenes show standard-bearers and soldiers, minstrels, etc. ; while above are seen the sacred barges now floating down-stream to Karnak .




Lastly, we have a scene shows the conclusion of the whole journey, the sacred barges being carried in, the butchers stalls, the king offering the final sacrifice at Luxor Temple, and offering flowers to Amûn and Mût .





Part ( 10 ) Coming SoOoOon .....
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